Ancient Egyptian civilization was built along the lower reaches of the River Nile. According to the Ancient Egyptian chronology, the Ancient Egyptian Dynasties started around 3150B.C. Ancient Egypt has a chaotic history as it was frequently attacked by foreign armies.

Different Periods of Ancient Egyptian Dynasties

According to the rule of different dynasties, the Ancient Egyptian Age can be divided into 12 different periods:

1. Pre-dynastic Period (Range: from 3150BC to 3050BC)

2. Early Dynastic Period (Range: from 3050BC to 2686BC)

3. Old Kingdom (Range: from 2686BC to 2181BC)

4. First Intermediate Period (Range: from 2181BC to 1991BC)

5. Middle Kingdom (Range: from 1991BC to 1690BC)

6. Second Intermediate Period (Range: from 1674BC to 1549BC)

7. New Kingdom (Range: from 1549BC to 1069BC)

8. Third Intermediate Period (Range: from 1069BC to 653BC)

9. Late Period (Range: from 672BC to 332BC)

10. Ptolemaic Dynasty

11. Roman Period

12. Arab Muslim Conquest

History of Dynasties of Ancient Egypt

The Ancient Egypt Dynasties number from 1 to 30. The upper and lower kingdoms of Egypt were united by a semi-legendary figure of history “Menes” in 3100 BC. The best part of the old dynasty was the ‘Pyramids of Giza’. These were built during 4th dynasty. The Great Pyramid belongs to Khufu.

The first Intermediate Period started when Pepy II of the 6th dynasty died and there was a period chaos in Egypt. During this period the capital of Egypt shifted to Thebes.

Middle Period saw Egypt turn into a great power. In 1991BC, Amenemhet I defeated all the armies from different provinces and became the master of Egypt. Under his rule art and architecture flourished.

Second Intermediate Period started when the Middle Period had completed and there was a state of chaos. This is when Hykos took control.

After this came the period of great prosperity and wealth! This period is known as the new period. Tutankhamun’s tomb was built during this period. The decline of this period came when wars with Hittites under Ramses II weakened the rulers of Egypt.

The Assyrian rule was seen during the Third Intermediate Period. The last native Egyptian Dynasty was seen before the invasion of Alexander in 33 BC. The last king of Egypt was Ptolemy XV whose mother was Cleopatra.

Administration and Commerce

Pharaohs were the kings of Egypt. They were the complete commanders of the land and the leader of the government. The pharaohs headed a panel of bureaucrats who helped him to manage affairs of his kingdom.

Pharaohs had their deputies called the viziers. The vizier synchronized the treasury, building projects, legal systems etc. The kingdom of pharaohs was divided into many divisions.

These divisions were called nomes and these were ruled by the nomarchs. These nomarchs were answerable to the vizier for his authority. The temples of Ancient Egypt were the foundation stone of the economy. Treasures and grains were stored in the granaries and treasuries built inside the temples. These temples were under the jurisdiction of the overseers.

The Ancient Egyptian used money-barter system with sacks of grains rather than using coins which were introduced in the Later Periods.

It can be concluded that the monuments built by the kings of Ancient Egyptian Dynasties and their culture have left a lasting impression on the world.